Apejuwe Ọja
Awọn epo ajija, tun ti a mọ bi Olical Boverger ARC-ofo (HSAW) awọn ọpa oni, jẹ iru paipu irin ti a ṣe afihan nipasẹ awọn ohun-ini iṣelọpọ wọn ati awọn ohun-ini igbekale. Awọn pepes wọnyi ni lilo pupọ ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iṣẹ nitori agbara wọn, agbara, ati adaṣe. Eyi ni apejuwe alaye ti awọn epo ajija:
Ilana iṣelọpọ:Awọn paari irin ti a ṣe agbejade nipasẹ ilana alailẹgbẹ kan pẹlu lilo okun okun ti irin rinhoho irin. Awọn Ipara naa jẹ aifẹ ati ti a ṣẹda sinu apẹrẹ ajija kan, lẹhinna weldad lilo alurin gbigbẹ ARC ti a suro (wo ilana). Ilana Ilana yii ni lilọsiwaju, Okitiri Okitiri ni gigun ti paipu.
Apẹrẹ igbekale:Awọn apakokoro ọmá ti papiral irin papira pese agbara ti o ṣeeṣe, ṣiṣe wọn dara fun awọn ẹru giga ati awọn titẹ. Apẹrẹ yii ṣe idaniloju pinpin aṣọ ile-iṣọpọ ti aapọn ati imudara agbara ti opo lati koju ijade ati abuku.
Iwọn iwọn:Awọn opo irin Spirel wa ni ọpọlọpọ awọn diareters (to 40 inch) ati awọn sisanra, gbigba fun irọrun ninu awọn ohun elo pupọ. Wọn wa wọpọ ni awọn diaputi nla ti a ṣe afiwe si awọn iru paiii miiran.
Awọn ohun elo:Awọn onipo spiral ti a lo ni lilo ni awọn ile olowo bi epo ati gaasi, ipese omi, ikole omi, ogbin, ati idagbasoke oro. Wọn dara fun ilẹ-oke ati awọn ohun elo ti o ni isalẹ.
Resistance parasis:Lati mu gigun gigun, awọn ohun elo irin ajija nigbagbogbo faragba awọn itọju itọju egboogi. Iwọnyi le pẹlu awọn aṣọ inu ati ita ti ita, bii Polythylene, ati zintlethylene, ati zinc, eyiti o daabobo awọn pipe lati awọn eroja ayika ati awọn nkan mimu.
Awọn anfaniAwọn ọpagun irin Spiral nfun awọn anfani pupọ, pẹlu agbara ṣi ẹru giga, ṣiṣe-iye fun awọn epo iwọn ila opin nla, ati lodi si idibajẹ. Apẹrẹ hilacal wọn tun funsan ni imuruga daradara.
Igba pipẹVSSpiral:Awọn epo spiral jẹ iyatọ si awọn oniho ti a wepo nipa awọn ọpa ti iṣelọpọ nipasẹ ilana iṣelọpọ wọn. Lakoko ti o ti ge pipes gigun ati welded pẹlu ipari ti paipu, awọn oniho ti ajija ni oju oṣọ ọmo ni irisi ti a ṣẹda lakoko iṣelọpọ.
Iṣakoso Didara:Ṣiṣẹ ati awọn ilana iṣakoso didara jẹ pataki ni iṣelọpọ awọn ọpa onipagun irin. Awọn aworan alude, paometry, ati awọn ọna idanwo ni a ṣe abojuto daradara lati rii daju ṣafihan si awọn ajohunše ile-iṣẹ ati awọn pato.
Awọn ajohunše ati Awọn alaye ni pato:Awọn epo ajija jẹ iṣelọpọ ni ibamu pẹlu awọn iṣedede agbaye ati ile-iṣẹ gẹgẹbi API 5L, ASTM, Eko, ati awọn omiiran. Awọn ajohunše wọnyi ṣalaye awọn ohun-elo ohun elo, awọn ọna iṣelọpọ, ati idanwo awọn ibeere.
Ni akopọ, awọn pipin irin ajija jẹ ọna asopọ ati ojutu ti o tọ fun ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iṣẹ. Ilana iṣelọpọ wọn, agbara eegun, ati wiwa ni awọn iwọn oriṣiriṣi wọn si awọn amayederun, gbigbe, agbara, ikole ibudo ati diẹ sii. Aṣayan ti o yẹ, iṣakoso didara, ati awọn igbese Idaabobo ọdẹ ṣe ipa ipa pataki ni idaniloju idaniloju iṣẹ ṣiṣe pipẹ ti awọn ọpa onipa.
Pato
API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X65, X70, X70, X70, X70, X70, X70, X70, X70 |
ASTM A252: GR.1, GR.2, Gr.3 |
Yo 10219-1: S385J30, S275J30H, S275J2H, S355J0J0H, S355J2h, S355k2h |
En10210: S385J30, S275J2H, S355J0H0H, S355J2h, S355k2h |
ASTM A53 / A53M: Gr.a, Gr.B |
En 10217: P195rt1, P195T1, P195th1, P265TR2, P265T1, P265R2 |
Din 2458: St37.0, ST44.0, ST52.0 |
Bi / NZS 1163: Ipele C250, Ipele C350, Ipele C450 |
GB / T 9711: L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L390, L410, L415, L485 |
ASTM671: Ca55 / CB70 / CC60 / CB65 / CB65 / CC60 / CF70, CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 / CJ100 |
Giteri (mm) | Idinwẹ ogiri (mm) | |||||||||||||||||||
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | |
219.1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||
273 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||
323.9 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
325 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
355.6 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
377 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
406.4 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
426 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
457 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
478 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||
508 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
529 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
630 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||
711 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
720 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
813 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||
820 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||
920 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
1020 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
1220 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
1420 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||
1620 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||
1820 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2020 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2220 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
2500 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
2540 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||
3000 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● |
Ifarada ti iwọn ila opin ile ati sisanra ogiri
Idiwọn | Ifarada ti ara boipe | Ifarada ti paipu | Ifarada ti sisanra ogiri | |||
Iwọn ila opin | Ifarada | Iwọn ila opin | Ifarada | |||
GB / T3091 | Od48.3mm | ≤ 0,5 | Od48.3mm | - | ≤ 10% | |
48.3 | ≤ 1.0% | 48.3 | - | |||
273.1 | ≤ ± 0.75% | 273.1 | -0.8 ~ + 2.4 | |||
Od> 508mm | ≤ 1.0% | Od> 508mm | -0.8 ~ +2 | |||
GB / T9711.1 | Od48.3mm | -0.79 ~ + 0.41 | - | - | Odist73 | -12.5% ~ + 20% |
60,3 | ≤ ± 0.75% | Od273.1mm | -0.4 ~ +59 | 88.9 oruod457 | -12.5% ~ + 15% | |
508 | ≤ 1.0% | Od≥323.9 | -0.79 ~ + 2.38 | Od≥508 | -10.0% ~ + 17.5% | |
Odidi> 941mm | ≤ 1.0% | - | - | - | - | |
GB / T9711.2 | 60 | ± 0.75% D ~ ± 3mm | 60 | ± 0,5% D ~ ± 1.6mm | 4mm | ± 12.5% t ± ± 15.0% t |
610 | ± 0,5% d ~ ± 4mm | 610 | ± 0,5% D ~ ± 1.6mm | Wt≥25mm | -3.00mm ~ + 3.75mm | |
Od> 1430mm | - | Od> 1430mm | - | - | -10.0% ~ + 17.5% | |
Sy / T5037 | Od <508mm | ≤ ± 0.75% | Od <508mm | ≤ ± 0.75% | Od <508mm | ≤ 16.5% |
Od≥508mm | ≤ 1.00% | Od≥508mm | ≤ ± 0.50% | Od≥508mm | ≤ 10.0% | |
API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 | Od <60.3 | -0.8mm ~ + 0.4mm | Od168.3 | -0.4mm ~ + 1.6mm | Wt75.0 | ≤ 0,5 |
60,3 koko -168.3 | ≤ ± 0.75% | 168.3 | ≤ 1.6mm | 5.0 | ≤ 0.1t | |
168.3 | ≤ ± 0.75% | 610 | ≤ 1.6mm | T≥15.0 | ≤ 1.5 | |
610 | ≤ tẹ 4.0mm | Od> 1422 | - | - | - | |
Od> 1422 | - | - | - | - | - | |
API 5T | Od <114.3 | ≤ ± 0.79mm | Od <114.3 | ≤ ± 0.79mm | ≤-12.5% | |
Od≥114.3 | -0.5% ~0% | Od≥114.3 | -0.5% ~0% | ≤-12.5% | ||
ASTM A53 | ≤ 1.0% | ≤ 1.0% | ≤-12.5% | |||
ASTM A252 | ≤ 1.0% | ≤ 1.0% | ≤-12.5% |
DN mm | NB Inch | OD mm | Sch40s mm | Sch5s mm | Sch10s mm | Sp10 mm | Spp20 mm | Sch40 mm | Schi60 mm | XS / 80s mm | Sp80 mm | Sch100 mm | Sch120 mm | Sch140 mm | Sch160 mm | Schipxs mm |
6 | 1/8 " | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
8 | 1/4 " | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
10 | 3/8 " | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
15 | 1/2 " | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
20 | 3/4 " | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
25 | 1 " | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
32 | 1 1/4 " | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
40 | 1 1/2 " | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
50 | 2 " | 60,33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
65 | 2 1/2 " | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
80 | 3 " | 88,90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.3 | 15.24 | ||||||
90 | 3 1/2 " | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
100 | 4 " | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17,12 | |||||
125 | 5 " | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
150 | 6 " | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
Ọkẹkọọkan | 8 " | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 222 | |
250 | 10 " | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
300 | 12 " | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
350 | 14 " | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.3 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
400 | 16 " | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
450 | 18 " | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
500 | 20 " | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
550 | 22 " | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 222 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
600 | 24 " | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
650 | 26 " | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
700 | 28 " | 711.2.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
750 | 30 " | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
800 | 32 " | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
850 | 34 " | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
900 | 36 " | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 | |||||||||
DN 1000mm ati loke Pita oke ti o pọju 25MM |
Boṣewa & ite
Idiwọn | Irin Openrans |
API 5L: Alaye pato fun paipu laini | GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X65, X70, X70, X7 |
ASTM A252: Awọn alaye deede fun palidi ati paipu irin ti ko niyelori | Free., gr.2, gr.3 |
Yo 10219-1: ti ge wẹwẹ ti a ṣẹda ti a ṣe agbekalẹ awọn apakan ti kii ṣe alusy ati awọn irin ọkà daradara | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0J0H, S355J2h, S355k2h |
En10210: Awọn apakan igbekale ti o ṣofo gbona ti kii ṣe alusy ati awọn irin ọkà daradara | S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0J0H, S355J2h, S355k2h |
ASTM A53 / A53M: paipu, irin, dudu ati igbona, zinc | Gr.a, gr.b |
Ni 10217: welde awọn iwẹ irin fun awọn idi titẹ | P195R1, P195t2, P195th1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265tr2 |
Din 2458: Awọn opo irin ati awọn iwẹ | Sp37.0, ST44.0, ST52.0 |
Bi / NZS 1163: Ilu Ọstrelia / New Zealand ati boṣewa Zealanland fun-akomọra awọn ẹya irin ti o tutu irin | Ipele C250, Ipele C350, Ipele C450 |
GB / T 9711: Petroleum ati Awọn ile-iṣẹ gaasi Aye - Irin Irin Irin fun Pipellees | L175, L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L390, L410, L415, L450, L450, L450 |
AWWA C200: Irin Pipe omi 6 inches (150 mm) ati tobi | Irin alagbara |
Ilana iṣelọpọ

Iṣakoso Didara
Ṣiṣayẹwo ohun elo aise
● Onínọmbà kemikali
Idanwo ijẹrisi
Ayẹwo iwoye
● Ṣayẹwo
Idanwo Bend
Idanwo ikolu
● Idanwo oju opo
Ayẹwo ti ko ni iparun (UT, MT, PT)
● IKILỌ IKILO TI
● Macrotnure
● froring ati idanwo flattening
Idanwo ti o nira
Idanwo titẹ
Ayẹwo Agbegbe Agbegbe
Idanwo Idanwo
● EDDY idanwo lọwọlọwọ
AKIYESI ATI AKIYESI TI A TI NIPA
Atunwo Ifiweranṣẹ
Lilo & Ohun elo
Awọn epo ajira jẹ ohun elo ati lilo jakejado ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iṣẹ nitori awọn abuda alailẹgbẹ wọn ati awọn anfani. Wọn ti wa ni akoso nipasẹ awọn ila irin ti Helelly, awọn ila irin ti arin fẹẹrẹ papọ lati ṣẹda paipu kan pẹlu oju omi ajija t'okan. Eyi ni diẹ ninu awọn ohun elo ti o wọpọ ti awọn ọpa ajija:
Gbigbe omi: Awọn laps wọnyi gbe omi daradara, epo, ati gaasi kọja awọn ijinna gigun ni awọn pitelines nitori pe agbara wọn ati agbara giga wọn.
● Epo ati gaasi: pataki fun awọn ile-iṣẹ epo ati gaasi, wọn gbe epo robi, gaasi adayeba, ati awọn ọja ti a tunṣe, awọn anfani pinpin.
Pipin: Foun piles ninu awọn iṣẹ ikole ṣe atilẹyin awọn ẹru iwuwo ninu awọn ẹya bi awọn ile ati awọn afara.
Lilo igbekale: oojọ ni ile awọn ilana ile, awọn ọwọn, ati atilẹyin, agbara wọn ṣe alabapin si iduroṣinṣin igbeka.
Culverts ati idominupo: Ti a lo ninu awọn ọna omi, resistance urance wọn ati awọn ila didan ṣe idiwọ clogging.
Tubing ẹrọ: ni iṣelọpọ ati iṣẹ-ogbin, wọnyi pese idiyele-doko-doko, awọn solusan to lagbara fun awọn paati.
● Marin ati kuro: fun awọn agbegbe lile, wọn lo ni inu omi kekere, awọn iru ẹrọ kuro, ati ikole aja.
● Ayeje: Wọn n ṣafihan awọn ohun elo ati slurry ni ibeere awọn iṣẹ iwakusa nitori ikole wọn.
● Pese ipese: Pipe fun pipinlines iwọn ila opin nla-nla ti awọn ọna omi, daradara gbigbe awọn iwọn omi pataki.
● Awọn eto ayeyeye: Ti a lo ninu awọn iṣẹ agbara ti ile, wọn mu gbigbe gbigbẹ ooru, wọn mu gbigbe gbigbẹ ooru laarin awọn ifiṣura ati awọn irugbin agbara.
Isopọpọpọ ti o wapọ ti awọn epo ajija irin, ni idapo pẹlu agbara wọn, agbara, o jẹ ki o jẹ ohun elo pataki, mu ki o jẹ ohun elo pataki lori ọpọlọpọ awọn ile-iṣẹ ati awọn ohun elo.
Asopọ & Gbigbe
Iṣakojọpọ:
Ilana Iṣakopọ fun awọn ọpa onipo wiwọ pẹlu awọn igbesẹ bọtini lati rii daju pe awọn pipes ti ni idaabobo daradara lakoko gbigbe ati ibi ipamọ:
● Awọn paadi Pipe: Awọn onipapo irin Spiral ni igbagbogbo papọ ni apapọ nipa lilo awọn okun, awọn ẹgbẹ irin, tabi awọn ọna iyara miiran. Atẹ awọn idapọmọra kọọkan ti ara ẹni lati gbigbe tabi yiyi laarin apoti.
Apejọ Ipari Ipari: Awọn bọtini ṣiṣu tabi awọn ideri aabo ni a gbe si awọn opin mejeeji ti awọn pipe lati yago fun ibaje si papupo ti inu ati dada ti inu.
● mabomire: Awọn oniparọ wa pẹlu awọn ohun elo mabomire, gẹgẹbi awọn sheets ṣiṣu tabi fifuna, lati daabobo wọn lati ọdọ ọrinrin nigba ita tabi maritari kan.
● Fidid kun: afikun awọn ohun elo floning, gẹgẹ bi awọn ifibọ foomu tabi awọn ohun elo ti o dara julọ, o le ṣafikun laarin awọn pipes tabi awọn ojuami ipalara lati fa awọn iyalẹnu ati gbigbọn.
Iforukọsilẹ: A ti samisi kọnputa kọọkan pẹlu alaye pataki, pẹlu awọn pato pipe, awọn iwọn, opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye, ati opin opoiye Eyi iranlọwọ ni idanimọ irọrun ati mimu.
Gbigbe:
● Gbigbe awọn pipes spippirafilo nbeere lati rii daju pe o daju ailewu ati irin-ajo daradara:
Ipo Gbigbe: Yiyan ipo gbigbe (opopona, ọkọ oju-omi, okun, tabi afẹfẹ) da lori awọn okunfa, ami-didun, ati Aye irapada.
● Internalization: Awọn pips le wa ni ẹru sinu awọn apoti ọkọ oju omi. Í àáwọ ṣe aabo awọn pipe lati awọn eroja ita ati pese agbegbe ti o ṣakoso.
Dabobo: Awọn pipes wa ni ifipamo laarin awọn apoti lilo awọn ọna iyara ti o yẹ, gẹgẹbi àpúrú, ìdènà, ati lafarahan. Eyi ṣe idilọwọ gbigbe ati dinku eewu ti ibajẹ lakoko gbigbe.
Awọn iwe: Akọle deede, pẹlu awọn ifiwepe, iṣakojọpọ awọn akojọ, ati awọn iṣafihan gbigbe, ti wa ni pese fun ijẹrisi aṣa ati awọn idi ipasẹ.
A gba iṣeduro: A gba iṣeduro Rergo nigbagbogbo lati bo awọn adanu tabi awọn bibajẹ lakoko irekọja.
Abojuto: jakejado ilana gbigbe, awọn pipin le tọpinpin nipa lilo GPS ati awọn ọna ipasẹ lati rii daju pe wọn wa ni ipa ọna ti o tọ ati iṣeto.
Gbigbasilẹ aṣa: Iwe afọwọkọ ti o tọ ni a pese lati dẹrọ idaṣẹ aṣa daradara ni ibudo irin ajo tabi aala.
Ipari:
Irẹpọ ati sowo ti awọn pipos irin ajija jẹ pataki lati ṣetọju didara awọn Pupa ati iduroṣinṣin lakoko gbigbe. Awọn iṣe ti o dara julọ ni atẹle pe awọn wili de opin irin ajo wọn ni ipo ti aipe, ṣetan fun fifi sori ẹrọ tabi ilana siwaju sii.
